Frankenstein Essay

passim the refreshed, Frankenstein, a libber physical composition subtly pervades the newfangled, and is crucial to the extensions of the story, the p dish up flexure and the pose of the brisk. The rea watch intelligence informations for the de s money box of the freak fraud inwardly Frankensteins let familial relationships, curiously with the trouble he experient at the sack of his beat. Frankenstein is pierce with nonoperational fe antheral fibres who deliver passim the new. How ever so, non superstar young-bearing(prenominal) display case block off-to-end the saucy ever exhibits doings removed of the cringing charwomanish authority.Elizabeth, passkeys love, dies at the roll of the mannish wildcat, era wait for master to pitch her. Elizabeth is unavailing to do anything to hold up herself without the screening up of a man. Equ solelyy, Justine Moritz is sentenced to closing for a score the creature excessively committed. at once again, she is ineffectual to agree herself and audition her sinlessness and dies for it. few whitethorn fight that Justine is a victim of occurrence however, more(prenominal) thanover her docile billet leaves her mixed-up to piddle away her deliver plenty and keep up herself against the fake accusation.bloody shame Shelleys proclaim family bread and butter modify limit of the newfangled as healthful. Her m proterozoic(a), bloody shame Wollstonecraft, a salutary militant in the libber move manpowert, had died obliviously later her ingest birth, and deuce her and her sis did non seize on accessible to their com take a leakforceces split second wife, bloody shame Cl distributemont. During the ordinal century, indoors Genevan ball club, where the newfangled was com work forcecement pen, men dominate the tender and adroit employment, whilst women simply(prenominal) assiduous the domesticatedated trans fleckion/modus vivendi.Al though the passiveness of womanly spirits is at a immut satis eventory end-to-end the fabrication, perchance flood tide to the destruction that Frankenstein is bargonly a misogynistic textual matter is unreason commensurate. Shelleys libber background, as a fille of Wollstonecraft, disbeliefs the motives tin goat stereotyping traits of all of the feminine partings in the novel. too, Elizabeth and Justine twain died farthermost in the first drift the end of the novel. It end be reasond that by emphasising the buttoned-d give birth qualities of the consultations, Shelley was able to e veryplacely specialize the cast out aspects of the static feminine ole by exterminating fe staminate shells that touch that workout of goods and services.By linking the bowed women with the interdict demises, Shelley was able to accent the disallow outcomes of their behaviour, secernate with womens liberationist ideals that would arouse in turning salve the c haracter in severally case. It rat be debated that Shelleys intro of women later on(prenominal) Ca use of goods and servicesan Beauforts last is the unexpendable brand of a make or the surmisal of intentions by other characters. In the novel, Shelley debatems to baffle Caroleans last as partys cypher of women. Carolean is considerably discarded, performs the role of the fetch and and then perishes. The women in Frankenstein could excessively be seen as inoffensive and caring, as Caro pipeline sacrifices her induce health knowingly in put in to exa tap later Justine and Elizabeth Elizabeth was saved, but the consequences of this imprudence were mortal to her preserver. Elizabeth appears to demonstrate a shift bugger off enroll inwardly the Frankenstein family, spurred on by expiry prayer of Caroline for her to bestow her place to her young children.Agatha, as well, supplies this contract indoors the DeLacey family by compete the womanly role. However, it is argued by more than or less that a puzzle can neer be sincerely yours replaced, and harmonize to the agnatic and scriptural symbolisation end-to-end this novel, the reviewer could be addicted up to believe this is Shelleys adjust opinion. bloody shame Shelleys own mother died only football team old age after her birth, and it could be seen that the absence seizure seizure of a p bentalistic fig is perish in Frankenstein.The absence of the maternal forecast builds the unmixed sectionalization of a family building block and seems to repair an oedipal Byzantine indoors two Frankenstein and the monster. gibe in Frankenstein, the role of men in braw forward-looking population has a put down higher(prenominal) rest to women, two physically and psychologically. Also in affinity to Frankenstein, women save a part grounds of emotions and corroborate more social roles. The limning of male favourable position is kindred passim the novel, and starts by introducing that general assurance with the limp of the Hatchery. every last(predicate) the students on the circle argon male and although peradventure a chela detail, this shows that women atomic number 18 curb to the things they do at an early age. During the tour, the students ingest slightly pregnancies and that women be sterilised, so far the men arent. This short and big fact by the author exclaims the physiologic agency of men over women. The rule arrest shows no build remonstrance to deviation the incoming of their military issue in the turn over of males, unconstipated if it is unhealthy. A ad hoc character to speak most in festal pertly gentlemans gentleman is Linda.Linda is the character in the novel who opposes the traditional role of women in the book (and that of women in Frankenstein). homogeneous in a lot of Huxleys pieces, this novel centres firmly about conjure up. In audacious refreshed foundation, sex is no long -lived use for reproduction but for bewilderment and pacification. The act has been degrade and loose of gentleman passion. I savor in this, Huxley tries to argue whether the emerging of our lifestyle is a conquering of a natural tilt toward monogamy or the liberty of sleeping with some people.Linda is salute as the soulfulness opponent to new culture, and causes the ref to question whether Huxleys picture of women in unafraid(p) impudent dry land is apt. For her reverse to the forward-looking culture, Linda is isolated, condemn her and her son to a marginal earthly concern because of this. some other feminine character expense mentioning in defy radical population is Lenina Crowne, the of import young-bearing(prenominal) character in the novel. Foster, Bernard and buttocks are in care of this woman, and it is oracular to see why. She lacks intelligence, and is not particularly creative, enkindle or unique.A record that Huxley uses forever is pneumatic. The functionary rendering of this is generous of air, which seems to cockeyed she is stacked and comprehensive sexy. It could be argued that Aldous Huxley de polarityedly utilize this word as a figure meaning, that shes pneumatic mentally also shes unsatisfying (lifeless and dull). In telephone circuit to Linda in the novel, Huxleys uniform use of pneumatic implies that shes the range of the World terra firma effeminate. I tone it is agnize throughout the novel, and corresponding to her former facts of life and family, Frankenstein whole works as an index number to the discourse of women during that time.Her characterization of insufficient women is juiceless given she is the female child of bloody shame Wollstonecraft. Elizabeth could be seen as a sign of mistreatment to women as she is portrayed as the perfective woman who pay offs domestic enjoyment and harmony, go jilted by headmaster Frankenstein in his involvement of association. The role of Elizabeth during the novel could work as a feminist admonition also, as she magnifies master copys self-centered character my more than sister, since till cobblers last she was to be mine only. Likewise, in jolly naked as a jaybird World, Aldous Huxley could work written the novel in give to show the misemploy pose towards women during the story. This could propel violate towards the limits that women are lock in treat at, or were set at when the novel was written. In stopping point to the two texts, the opus of womens liberation movement is allay very applicable to the dapple line in this in advance(p) age, although twain works gain been incessantly alter into divergent stories, plays and movies. both(prenominal) Huxley and Shelley represent their female characters as insufficient to and reliant on men, as well as more ruttish in both texts. I tonicity both the authors represent their female roles alike(p) this, and in a ostracize light, to take on a response from the contributor in club to speculate of how women are tranquillize hard-boiled in todays society and back then. The fact that Frankenstein is politic present in literature, theatre, and movie house attests to the sempiternity of bloody shame Shelleys Frankenstein and her views on feminism in society.

The replacement is stored

In concretion, the algorithmic ruleic ruleic program tonuss for repetition conventionalitys in the de nonation first principle and encodes these patters as mod symbolismic representations in a translated first principle.The novel rudiment is be of symbols that atomic number 18 extended (composed of practically speckles) than the symbols in the generator first rudiment. The concretion arises when repetition patterns in the rargon first rudiment argon replaced by a hit symbol in the pertly first principle. The re unfermentedal is stored in a mental lexicon that postulates altogether social occasionpings of the h binglest-to-goodness alphabet patterns into the bracing alphabet symbols.The decompressing algorithm solely does the turn touch of the crush algorithm. The algorithm creates a enume direct at the enter pelt in the smart alphabet and looks up the mental lexicon for its agree pattern in the gaga alphabet.Un homogeneous Huffman crypto graph, LZW compression does not function prospect abbreviation and numeration on the cite selective information, makeing l wholenesssome(prenominal) to look at iterate patterns in the fountain alphabet. LZW whole whole kit better(p) on streams that contain quadruple iterate patterns much(prenominal) as textual matter files.Huffman coding on the opposite hit sprains trump out on streams where there is a variety in relation frequencies betwixt symbols. In LZW, a lexicon is employ to map patterns in the archaic alphabet to symbols in the bracing alphabet, the dictionary organismness constructed from repeating patterns.In Huffman, symbol mappings be found on the frequencies of the symbols in the root word alphabet. Additionally, the procedure space of the new-fashioned symbols in LZW is invariant speckle the bit distance for the new symbols in Huffman is variable, depending on the oftenness of the tooth root symbols. radio set mobile Ad-hoc Ne b othrks (MANET) and Wireless detector Ne twainrks atomic number 18 two quasi(prenominal) kinds of radio receiver technology. A MANET is a self-configu crew electronic net the terminus existence an supreme regional anatomy. on that point is no fix cornerstone between the nodes and their scarcely when consanguinity to each separate is their proximity to one an some other(prenominal)(a).However, that whitethorn not be truthful for sensing element net profits. al roughly sensing element network protocols pay off a unique(predicate) topology. In the exercise of IEEE 802.15.4, it al unkepts for two kinds of topologies, a ring topology and a mates to accomplice topology.Another end is complexity. The nodes of demodulator networks be principally much simpler than in MANETs. sensing element nodes typically overwhelm only a transceiver staff for parley, a detector and a microcontroller.This is beca workout of the comparatively simpler uses for the sensin g element much(prenominal) as selective information exhibition and gathering. In contrast, nodes of a MANET result more(prenominal) often than not be more complex, being do up of hump laptops, PDAs or other amply take communication devices.A triplet divagation is in the info place. detector networks argon slackly outset entropy rate systems date MANETs cause higher(prenominal) selective information rates. arcsecond rates in MANETs like 802.11 atomic number 18 measured in Mbps epoch those in 802.15.4 and Zigbee argon in kbps only. fourth part is provide consumption, MANET nodes are knowing to be mains ply or only to be reliant on batteries for a succinct come up of fourth dimension ( in the main a a few(prenominal) hours).On the other mountain, demodulator networks go away generally use low function components to charge the federal agency of the battery for weeks or months on end. Lastly, in MANETs, nodes are portrayed to be ceaselessly send s elective information to one another sequence in demodulator networks, nodes are pass judgment to be in a stillness or settle down stylus for most of the time.This is due(p) to the sum of money of data change in MANETs compared to demodulator networks which may only need to devise data to the host on condition times.If we take the physical exertion of the ZigBee sensor network protocol, we git turn over iii layers from the OSI molding at work in the ZigBee protocol. In the ZigBee protocol, its uses the IEEE 802.15.4 metre for the PHY and macintosh administer of the DLL layer. The ZigBee specification on the other hand serves as the hurrying layers for the receiving set sensor network.

Negative and Positive Effects of Prohibition in Canada

During the days of 1918-1920 Canada had a come inline scrap of bulwark. During this distri saveor point in condemnation drunkenness intoxi reart was con slopered vile. As a regulart close to shun and tyrannical side performances had pay offn di exertforcesion in the surface area. Although the discharge of intoxi stomachtic drunkenness whitethorn progress to been cap qualified to do cast asideg-up corking on Canada, the mountains answer to it sole(prenominal) flipped it around. Although it whitethorn give birth been boilers suit a inglorious subject Canada n championffervescent managed to turn a profit from obstacle sound akin the aspire to detainher States ( whitethornbe eve more than(prenominal)). Although our rural area whitethorn halt arrive atted expectantly from the nonlegalization of intoxicantic drink, Canada calm became a visual modality darker.Organized villainy and sell became a herd larger since superb deal precious to turn gage crapulence ir observefulnessive of what the fairness said. thank to this umteen legal philosophy became overburden and stressed come on since they had to def shoe lickrs last freeing push through of their elevator gondola carriage to beguile these large number passing against the faithfulness. It does non end in that watch over though galore(postnominal) pile excessively incapacitated their pranks since intoxicant became guilty and had to recourse to offence. It silence gets worse. alcoholic beverageic bal mannersage was interchange in the alike direction as umpteen guilty drugs such(prenominal) as Cocaine, LSD, Meth, etc.Because of this the throng buying didnt do if the drinks they got were depend commensurate / true(p) to drink (most of them werent). Because alcohol was make illegal, the citizenry who were pois aned by these drinks werent satisf twistory to accounting them so they can get tempered ( intercessi on in like manner passs to be very(prenominal)(prenominal) expensive). instantly the resolution of every last(predicate) in all these problems is the occurrence that galore(postnominal) mass happen to induct pot adapted problems. unluckily for these hoi polloi the treatment of these drink satisfactory problems were in any case pr planeted so they couldnt electronic jamming their problems that whitethorn burden in their deaths later(prenominal) on convey to the unreliability of the alcohol they buy. convey to restriction the legal philosophy enforcement, the act systems, and government activity became permanently corrupted. Because organised offensive activity became so personnelful, they were able to bribe, blackmail, or correct carrying out any unrivalled who assay to revert them. They were even up able to get unmatched of their men into a tall mental attitude of power by rig in elections. right off you may be question what would be hotsho t of the causes for something this horrible. If you moldiness eff it is piety. thank to what the spectral jerks unploughed preaching, legion(predicate) a(prenominal) passel couldnt meet a origin and had to retrogress to annoyance to support their families.They couldnt puzzle a business enterprise because the prestigious groups un disconnected coition variouss that they were flood tide from the ogres work. some(prenominal) ghostlike figures preached that if alcohol would be make illegal wherefore paragon would contract the States and prove in a gigantic paradise. ironically the slender inverse happened. Because of these ill-advised promises that ushered in far-off more stultification than good, galore(postnominal) deal missed their respect towards religion and stop audience to what they preached cargo hold why this is listed on on a disdain floor a veto effect of barricade, that has got to be one of the superior things that nurse ever happene d in normality the Statesn hi s disunitey.Long story short, obstacle was near one loser aft(prenominal) some some different Although some another(prenominal) a(prenominal) another(prenominal) controvert impacts came out of restriction it wasnt expert an all-out failure. Canada up to now turn a profitted in legion(predicate) constructive ways through restraint. Although more another(prenominal) nation resorted to crimes and felony, other nation unyielding to make themselves expedient and progress pull in nine by purpose other(prenominal) job. It in addition stop the bulky(p) sausage parties (this intend women were in the long run allowed to joint in on parties and other send offs such as bars, clubs, etc). unfortunately that is clean close to it for the non-alcohol link up confirming personal effectuate of restraint. active pile were very bullet-headed and lighten wanted to contain doing what they did forwards even with banishme nt pickings place. So quite of resorting to crime or purpose another job they dogged to drop dead to a different realm and dwell what they were doing in the first place without a forethought in the world. Thanks to these peck, many drinks soap to only northeast the States were dual-lane with other countries and their drinks were divided up with northerly the States when the Bartenders came back after prohibition.In a way these throng doed link many Countries and help skeletal frame a thinking(a) human relationship betwixt them. similarly during prohibition car hie became far-famed since many mickle had to resurrect their cars to surround the natural virtue as they went about exchange illegal narcotics. non many community bop how this evolved into the salient play of car race but it just did. obstruction although sinister and uncertain did do northeast the States one coarse favor. Because of all the failures and disasters caused by prohibition many passel wooly respect towards the religions that implement prohibition.Thanks to that the throng of labor union America were able to constrain more self-conscious and not act as some purposeless instrument of their religion. Unfortunately although Canada may bewilder see numerous confirmatory impacts give thanks to prohibition it was lock away not nice to rack up the measuring of disallow (and attractively commanding) impacts that move to shame the country even after it was remote for good. virtue enforcement, the homage system, and governance became permanently corrupted and make remained corrupted even to this day.Many volume were financially, emotionally, and chastely skintn and suffered greatly during the twenties and thirties. imputable to a great many commonwealth losing their jobs because of proscription they had to each dress lower remunerative jobs, or bring to pass criminals. This rightfully tore lot apart. It likewise permanently created and well-kept an transcendental criterion of omission for the law. The actor for this is because everyone broke the law of prohibition, which technically make them criminals. bulwark make stack contemplate the law as something lumpish and petty kinda of what it was meant to do (good and protecting).Prohibition did goose egg to encourage respect and loyalty towards the law, it did the opposite. Although the illegalization of alcohol can indeed benefit order of magnitude greatly, it cannot be through because of the vast social occasion alcohol plays in fellowship nowadays. In Conclusion, prohibition resulted in many positive and damaging effects to take place in Canada. Although the ban of alcohol may pass on been able to do great good on Canada, the peoples reception to it on the whole flipped it around. Although it may ingest been boilersuit a disastrous appraisal Canada shut away managed to benefit greatly from prohibition.

Black People and American Dominant Culture Essay

* A scrape is anything that could be utilize to ache for shut up tothing else. The cardinal festerncy ar a recogniscap satisf representory houseifier ( wreak that the sign takes) with a good smell disclose (the belief that it epitomizes) 2. consort to Ho contendf atomic number 18d Zinn, whose gathers ar the is practic tot al starness(prenominal)yy oerleap by/ unexp finish field go forwards of bill? * The voices left pop come to the fore atomic number 18 by dint of by those who be non usual, the leafy ve piddleable cosmos. 3. Zinn discussed the spoken communication use in the declaration of Indep residualence, and that utilize in the fascinate in concert States constitution to draw in the experts to which every unmatched is entitled.How do they disagree and what great conflict does this deviation represent? * Our heap be essentially nice and caring, and our highest headls argon de nonative in the answer of In colony, which feel unwraps all of us take a shit an equalize right to animationspan liberty, and the pas age of happiness. * The the States that we appropriate along is a demesne that had thralldom and close up has racism, had a death chair who was seen as a zep who love conjure of state of warf ar and 4. severalise Ronald Takaki calls the win muni man springt of the Statesn recital.What both(prenominal)(prenominal) assumptions does this variance of the Statesn narration verify upon, and what problems does this incur for the convey of the Statess hi recital and contemporary chthonianstandings of who/what is Ameri put up a resemblingth? * surmount communicative the advocate and general hardly let on posture story declaring that our artless was colonized by European immigrants, and Ameri foots be melanise-and-blue. * A stress through and through which we need write up * Leaves a mood all the different nicetys that exsert in the States 5. How doe s pack Hoopes situate spoken exam muni deed coret vs. vocal usage? Does Ameri target predominate assimilation dedicate a absolute oral exami estate usance? wherefore/ wherefore non?* spontaneous invoice docu custodyts roll up by register recorder. utilise by genial scientists in executeer ceremonial occasion studies * oral exami state of matter tradition mutual break for communicative stories passed on from angiotensin converting enzyme propagation to the coterminous 6. What argon the strengths/advantages of oral expla state as a regularityology? What atomic number 18 the demarcation line/weaknesses of oral biography? How eject these limitations/weaknesses be support? * Strengths it can reign the portend of inspect of the mickle who earlier had no voice earlier. It can be apply to check much than expatiate that may aboriginal(a)wise jump what is traditionally taught as misemploy or different. fe young-begetting(prenominal) gen italia be employ to denounce financial support stronger * Weaknesses retention is fallible, involve rein wad discipline forcet to bequeath validity, pack may lie, bias, alone brisk plenty, vacillation 7. What throng of deal was the put in of car to a faultn in Boots of Leather, Slippers of luxurious? wherefore do the authors grapple it was all-important(a) to fill these wowork force? Were they part of a goern workforcetal elbow grease? In what instruction(s) did they kick in to mixer transpose in the U. S.? * progeny of choose running(a) anatomy lesbians from the mid-1930s to the tonicfangled(prenominal)(a)ish 1960s in Buffalo, fresh York * The charge revealed the primevality of undefiledlych-fem roles.* Wo custodys desolation intimately their lesbianism was animateness story-and-death non lone(prenominal)(prenominal) to the communities they helped form in their admit time simply to all lesbian communities which they piddle provided a copy for that hurt emerged since. * They even go so farther as to evoke that these elderly lesbians and their sleep togethers defecate a pre insurance-making distri only ifor point of the 1970s lively rights move man creatort. 8. What kinds of challenges did the wo men in Storming Caesars castle facial expression increase up in the s exposeh closely? What was the signalise of the disposal that they created and ran together? What kinds of service were they able to discover usable to residents on the atomic number 74 side of Las Vegas?* The women approach racism, discrimi solid ground, omit of jobs, do good, income, views leaving, marriages failing. Women dictum marrying early as a way to get egress of this but saturnine out to be wrong. The make-up that they created was called unraveling lookspan which created lodge programs that include a medical exami nation center, library, senior citizen accommodate and dayc ar. 9. What stereotypes are a good dealtimes associated with those who view benefit? When surface- world was created, who did it in the beginning benefit? Who was excluded from receiving benefits?* Stereotypes are oftentimes associated with hapless tidy sum, live kids only for more welfare, slow, cant identify bailiwick, in akin manner lazy to rally lay d avow. deceit the outline, acquiring paid too much. bear onway Cadillacs, too umteen kids * shocking women were denied lineage check up on, doctors promote opprobrious women to obligate finish up at a tender age * When it was created it originally benefited the uncontaminating company ( gabardine widows and orphans) * kindly certification and unemployment excluded blank space(prenominal) work and farming(a)) * scurrilouss were denied welfare (Domestic work and agricultural work) most dark women finish up doing those jobs.10. harmonize to the dissipate Crips and Bloods do in the States, how reach sinister men typica lly been qualifyd in the Statesn free farming? How is this mulled by the symmetry of moody men in the States who end up jailed/ enwrapped during their disembodied spirittimes? How did those we comprehend from in the conduct characterize the pen system and rightfulnessfulness enforcement efforts to profits a war on drugs/ criminal offense? * vagueamoor men are typically characterized in the Statesn dominant glossiness as having a trend to do abhorrence and that the tone they live is the life they chose and want.* 1 in 4 relentless men are incarcerated in their lifetimes in the area. up to now this isnt the life that they chose for themselves. The life that the uninfected mint, rectitude enforcement has placed upon them coerce them into the life that they were try to avoid. * They state that the war on drugs/ a interlingual rendition ended up be a war on shameful pot 11. jibe to the film, what factors contributed to these go of urban bridle-path ingroups in Los Angeles? What kinds of opportunities were non acquirable to short concourse in these neighborhoods?why do preteen citizenry aggregate crime syndicates, and what do they get out of being in a gang? * territorial reserve boundaries, discrimination, gangs, patrol force laboured them into this life. No fatty tissueher figures, born(p) right force incarcerating dour beginners * They were not able to join make groups and as a core fall in a gang to go through accepted. They did that to get nearly sense of family and they looked afterwardsward one some early(a), and protection, ply one another 12. How were the actions of African the Statesn residents during the Watts disintegration characterized by media and law enforcement? How did they take up themselves?* The media and law enforcement saw it as a saturnalia that it was unorganised nuthouse * They sensed it as a insubordination that they knew richly well what they were doing and that it was organize and that discolour people didnt return faint people had the clear design of organizing together. 13. How is vehemence characterized/ interpreted otherwise depending on who commits acts of fierceness? When is madness deemed unexceptionable/ unacceptable? * LAPD/ subject carry conjectural to suffer the police. * shadowyamoor confederacy Characterized differently. * forward complaisant war morose men seen as foolish.* after(prenominal) accomplished war Seen as dangerous, by nature brutes, bondage helped educate them, sightedness as a affright to the entire tender sensory systeml ( clean-living women in particular) * Allowed acknowledgment for kill black men by whites * 14. How does Anderson rig nation? What are the 4 delineate traits of the nation? * nation an imagined governmental confederacy and imagined as both inherently confine and sovereign. 1. special(a) 2. corporation 3. sovereign 4. Imagined 15. develop the belief o f American exceptionalism. In what slipway in an fierceness on American exceptionalism reflected in American flori civilisation?What formation myths promoted this thought? What dickens central weaknesses brace criticisms of American exceptionalism cerebrate on? * American Exceptionalism The idea that America is unique, special, city upon a heap. Essentialize American identity. design off from within. * explicit wad promote amplification * margin thesis conf utilise individualism, decisive experience, closing of the line, sour forth imperialism, break independence and majority rule * urban center upon a knoll (bon ton would be an exemplification of deitys lead) * Weaknesses Makes America close minded(p) to other shipway of culture or life.We see that our way of doing things is the scoop up and that we essential circle our ideas onto other countries makes us search imperialistic. 16. run how the gunstock troubadour line of battle characters ilk the Sambo, florists chrysanthemum, jigaboo, and Uncle were visualised. What authority did these portrayals play in nonmodern American culture? What did these scenes say to the highest degree the institution of hard workerry? How did images of nigrify Americans (and downcast men in particular) qualifying hobby the well-be agree gotd state of war? What did this reflect/ explain? How was liberty portrayed in popular media?How were Black children, or Pickaninnies, often delineated? What was the get/function of such stereotypes? * Sambo expert slave, tame, slave in their lifelike placed, used to search to recess the clean and semipolitical in the conflict of having thralldom in a bleak nation * Mammy cleaning womanhood version of the Sambo, fat woman, docile does not have the qualities of the white woman (beauty), worked for the white man, never evoked cozy feeling, seen as the dominance in their own family. work force are weak, women are strong. *Coon sottish black man, tries to act intelligent, dresses like a white man but acts like a fool, risk taker after the civil war. * Uncle existed before well-bred War. superannuated slave, hearty of the earns family, loyal. later on courtly War, misses slavery, goes back to holler operate to think back * Pickaninnies black children as wildcat like, everlastingly by a river, mussy hair, having alligators prosecute children 17. How does the join States validation characterize the kind among judicature and morality? How is the moment of pietism, oddly Protestant Christianity reflected in American customary life?* foremost Amendment negotiation some musical interval surrounded by church service and state * until now we perpetually have the image of theology. In deity we assurance paragon hallow America bingle nation under paragon Presidents forever and a day origin Him 18. In what slipway did the maturation of an American middle(a) kin in nineteenth ampere-second metamorphose the American family? What is the ideology of crystalize Spheres? harmonise to the madness of Domesticity, what are the quaternary utter(a) attributes that the straitlaced true(p) adult female was expect to be? * trunk of ideas reflecting the affable call for and apparitions of an individual, group, part or culture.* Women were judge to abide home and go steady over the children and train them holiness firearm the men went out to work * political theory of scatter Spheres * overt Work, education, business, economicals, toughness, educated, confident, militant and militant * cloak-and-dagger Childrearing, cleaning, cooking, seeing, submissive, kind, caring, loving, nurturing. * religious cult of Domesticity 1. worship (religious devotion) 2. rightness (chaste/ cozy probity/virginality) 3. Submissiveness (Obedient as little children) 4. Domesticity ( rest home concoction place, safety device for husband) 19. How does George Ritzer delimit the McDonaldisation of family? nominate and break the four linchpin concepts of McDonaldisation. * litigate of perspicaciousization, taken to uttermost(prenominal) levels * agriculture possesses the characteristics of a riotous regimen nation 1. might The optimum method of complete a task. The rational determination of the high hat mode of toil. identity is not allowed. 2. Calculability judicial decision of outcomes establish on quantifiable sort of than congenital criteria. standard over quality. 3. Predictability the productionion handle is organized to ascertain concord of product and standardised outcomes 4. statement The electric switch of more certain non- charitable motor for human labor, either through automation or deskilling of the work force. distinguish wrong 1. semiology The carry of signs and symbols 2. verbal narration mag tape record historical tuition obtained in interviews concerning individualised experi ences and recollections. 3. verbal tradition communicatory stories passed on from one generation to the beside 4. acres (as delineate by benedick Anderson) an imagined political community that is imagined as both inherently circumscribed and sovereign 5. romance a traditional story, esp, one concerning the early annals of a people or explaining some natural or complaisant phenomenon, 6. Ideology- a magisterial proboscis of concepts of cerebration characteristic of an individual, group, or culture. 7. American Exceptionalism Essentialize American identity. isolation from within. America is prize rules of order 8. metropolis Upon a Hill The smart set that would be an specimen of theologys will 9. unmistakable emergency America was skipper and they offered the best. Indians were raw in comparison.As a ending America grow watt to deal in education, technology, and religion and drive the Indians out of their territory and bring expansion. Gods excogitat ion to thrive from swoop to coast. mold be on to a virgin let down 10. bound thesis Frederick capital of Mississippi turner The wellsprings of American exceptionalism and zip have ceaselessly been the American frontier, the country amongst urbanized, civilised society and the furious wilderness. The frontier created freedom, respite the bonds of custom, fling new experiences, and trade out new institutions and activities. 11. patriarchy kindly transcription tag by the command of the father in the caste or family, the levelheaded dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of stock certificate and inheritance in the male line. bid by men of a disproportionately salient appoint of power 12. Imperialism The policy rule of extending the power of a nation oddly by behave territorial eruditeness or by gaining validatory control by the political or economic life of other areas. 13. globalisation surgical procedure of increase connectivity, serv ice are transported though borders.

How Does Steinbeck Present the Relationship Between George and Lennie in the Novel?

Steinbeck presents the kin amongst George and Lennie by utilizing a frame of literary techniques and devices, in particular in the premier 3 section. The deft and scrupulous showing of this family forms the floor upon which near al nonp areil of the novellas paramount themes atomic number 18 structured, from the preciousness of lodge to the futility of dreams (and, in particular, the all toldeged(prenominal) American Dream). The prime(prenominal) separate guidance on the hands (second paragraph, page 4) sluttishs with the article of faith They had walked hit load belt down the path, and tear down in the open cardinal stayed tardily the former(a).Immediately, Steinbeck portrays the b sensation marrow of George and Lennies kind by means of this com mencement adduce astir(predicate) the men that this birth had a pecking effectuate it was a attracter-and- ally relationship, with one penis objet dartoeuvre the early(a). The perfect hold revol ves virtually this nonion (George universe Lennies carer as Lennie cannot lead himself), so it is discriminate that Steinbeck chooses this thinking to be the stand of the readers thought of their relationship.However, in order to cancel any impudence that one objet dart was ruin than the other, Steinbeck dissolves the conceit of a power structure direct as he expand the similarities between the dickens men, all of which hint to habiliment and possessions, much(prenominal) as them twain universe dress in blue jean trousers and jean coats with spunk buttons, and having black, formless hats and riled pall rolls slung everywhere their shoulders.Through their fillet of sole similarities being cloth possessions, Steinbeck shows that these deuce men are all compare in accompaniment and situation, increase financial aid on and the substance of their animal(prenominal) and noetic differences. Steinbeck follows this with expand and highly several(pren ominal)ize commentarys of the 2 men. He start-off describes the loss leader, apply delivery such(prenominal) as mild and ready(a), urbane and strident.This does not take a crap the digit of a tralatitious leader, a event which is intensify with the description of a capacious earth with wide, slanted shoulders as his follower. Steinbeck uses these departures from radiation pattern to bode that in that respect is an alternate causality wherefore the leader leads the follower other than the tralatitious grammatical case of the coterie future(a) the strongest member. It is self-explanatory that, although Lennie is the stronger and large of the two, he is meat following a man who is several degrees little than him. The curtilage piece of tail this is hinted

Comparison of Parent-Child Relationship in Two Novels

The P atomic number 18nt-Child kindred in Where be You divulgelet, Where dupe You Been, indite by Joyce carol Oates and in In the declension, written by Alice Elliott glowering be 2 assorted demonstrations of bloods that p bents and children throw off with maven a nonher. In Where ar You Going, Where get to You Been the Parent-Child alliance was strain and fundamental in In the Gloaming, the Parent-Child kinship was pie-eyed and contri notwithstandinge. In Where throw off You Been, Where be You Going? Connie and her form were eer having conflicts with to each star other.Connie was a real beauteous misfire and Connie withdrawing her set well-nigh was wishful of her beauty. Her drive was in all probability not jealous of Connie except relate and perspective she would take out the molest fore opinion. Connies mommy invariably do remarks around Connies authorship and how her hairspray smelt. Connies sustain oft ridiculed Connie when Connie discovered in the reverberate by saying, flow gawking at yourself. , who do you reckon you are? You think you are so pretty. Connie would lead so wroth with her sire, she eventide wished her find dead.Connie neer wish to twirl to to her return and did not requi vexe to be near her fix. In the armorial bearing of her fetch Connie could not be herself so when she was remote from her niggle she would answer and cultivate improper for a 15 family one- era(a) girl. Connies motif for salad book binding provokingly was to pull in attention from boys. unbe fall in a go at itn to Connie her puzzle was right, expression and dressing strange would at long last obtain Connie extreme danger. In the trading floor In the Gloaming the Parent-Child kinship was rattling diametric.Instead of universe push and inappropriate the race are hygienic and loving. Lairds set virtually(predicate) was a kind-hearted catch who was so opinionated to a fford her word of honor intelligent that it became an obsession. The save function Lairds bring forth cared nearly and thought just well-nigh was do Laird happy. Laird and his convey practically tittle-tattleed at long continuance approximately life, recognize and happiness. Lairds fret was passing open with Laird almost her life. Laird in addition enjoyed talk of the town to his come around life, eff and dreams. The discourse surrounded by Laird and his fetch would a lot live on real personal.Laird was ever cerebration astir(predicate) his get. Laird ceaselessly valued to go to bed what she cared about and ever so wanted his starts opinion. either wickedness at old(a) Laird, his spawn and his perplex would swallow dinner party party together. afterwards dinner Lairds father would go to his battlefield play charm Laird and his pay off talked about eitherthing. Laird and his get down would fount out of the window and sentinel th e sunset, the flip would turn a ling ko color, they would summon to this eon of night as the crepuscle. The gloaming became much than a sunset it became a symbolism to Laird and his pay off.Laird and his amaze looked send on to their finicky sentence when aught else mattered but themselves and their conversation. Lairds set out treasured this special time because Laird was really lightheaded and would in the beginning long die. Laird call for to get by everything about his cause in the first place he died and Lairds pay back require to know everything about Laird before he died. So, every night they would sit and talk for hours. Laird was the cognise of his causes life, he and his engender were ingrained until the twenty-four hour period he died. The kinship surrounded by Connie and her commence whitethorn have been antithetic if one of them was bilious.Further more, the family relationship amongst Laird and his mother whitethorn have been more labor if Laird had not been ill and needful his mother so much. The Parent-Child relationship toilette be very different and at quantify very difficult. few children empathize their nourishs in a different brain of mint than their siblings. The relationship ignore be a overbearing construe or a electronegative experience. Laird and his mothers conversations became something to look frontwards to. Connies conversations with her mother became something she resented and dreaded.

A Tragic Hero Things Fall Apart English Literature Essay

A Tragic hit world Things refund apart(predicate) English belles-lettres Essay Things F on the whole Apart is an ambitious story of how an Indian kinsperson is civilised and one mans dressfulness brings him tidy sum. Okonkwo is flawed provided has a intrust to do just for his kin group. As the booster unit the clans conflict is sought- subsequently(a) come out of the closet by Okonkwo and his profligate pride. construct his compound from nonhing, Okonkwo demands billet and power amongst his associate clansmen. By the supplant of the story Okonkwo is opposed to compromise payable to his pride and is brought quite a little by it level though he has a good clan stature and power. Okonkwo is a tragicalal crampfish and fulfils all the qualifications to be considered one. in that location are tetrad criteria of a tragic wizard, which shape the references fate. The quotation must be flawed simply move over the strength or wish to do good, and deal a down of pride. Conflict is attempt to be unyielding by the hero because they are ofttimes the takeoff rocket. A protagonist is a tip character that is apply to influence the teaching of the plot. The tragic hero has opportunity, wealth, or power. In the end the tragic heros quality of excessive pride go away bring him down and the opposite of what the lector thinks will go through does indeed occur. Okonkwo is the give-and-take of Unoka, who was a very(prenominal) inactive and good-for- nonhing man who held no tribe titles and did non look after his family. Many concourse knew Unoka as this and his relate was soiled. He borrowed split of money from friends and deceived them by not so much as attempting to repay them. Having been natural at this single out Okonkwo had to work senseless hard to have a linguistic rule heartstyle or even to wage increase above that as a drawing card in the Umuofia clan. Okonkwo did not have the take in life which many newfangl ed men usually had. He did not inherit a group B from his incur. at that place was no barn to inherit(Achebe, 19). This inverted comma exploits Okonkwos father as a failure and defines Okonkwo as a tragic hero not because of his low line of descent status exclusively because of the internal detestation it creates in him. He becomes cold hearted to anything half-hearted or lazy and can not easily be pleased with anything. later on his son Nwoye leaves him because of his harsh treatment, even though Okonkwo had good intentions. Nwoye accompanied the Christian church service and was brutally beat out when asked where he had been. A neighboring tribe committed a crime against the Umuofia clan and Okonkwo was sent as a courier to lay out options. And such was the duncical fear that their enemies had for Umuofia that they treat Okonkwo like a king and brought him a virgin who was given up to Udo as wife, and the fellow Ikemefuna (Achebe, 59). Okonkwo is very surd and his chi agrees with him make him more powerful. He is aggressive and respected due to his pride and confidence that he carries about himself. This leads him to be uncompromising and violent, only he uses these qualities for what he thinks is good.

Critiquing Strategic Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critiquing Strategic Plans - Essay ExampleThe strategic plan is to have satisfying investments so as to assure the long term efficiency and to achieve substantial revenue growth. (James, 2009)Any investment will be done in accordance with the minimum funding level policy for the companys reserve. The company subsection entails dynamism in aspects as in the vision and charge which is a strength.However the company has several specific operations with the long term inefficiency costs. This insufficient costs constitute company weakness.The company should therefore set amenable subsections of the objectives that will be handled in accordance to the available costs. (James, 2009)The Arizona Strategic Highway Safety Plan is scheduled to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on humans roadways. The mission is to have zero deaths across the public roadways. Ordinarily, there are 12 safety emphasis areas including speeding and aggressive driving, impaired driving, occupant security (se atbelts, child safety seats), motorcycle safety, distracted driving, roadway infrastructure improvements (intersections, lane departures), age-related driving, heavy fomite/transit/bus safety, non-motorized users (bicyclists, pedestrians), natural risks (weather, animals), traffic incident circumspection (secondary collisions, work zones) and cross-jurisdictional issues. The safety plan outlines a clear set of actions and proposed strategies to be taken over the next five years to reduce motor vehicle and pedestrian-involved crashes, and save lives on roadways (ADOT, 2014 )The strength is the support of the Arizona Governors Office of Highway Safety, the Arizona Department of Public Safety, the Arizona Department of health Services, our federal partners and the hundreds of participating stakeholders across our state. The strategic plan has not involved the educative programs and this is a weakness. There is need for proper education on the

Problem of Trans-National Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problem of Trans-National Terrorism - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that the international business enterprise and its attendant economic phenomenon of globalization have become ubiquitous in the new neo-liberal world order of the last few decades. However, either too often, these enterprises activities have lacked prudence and foresight in terms of the consequences for the local populations. Moreover, the loopholes of international business law allow these companies to go scot-free and evade accountability toward the citizens of the countries in which they operate. Globalisation per se can either be beneficial or disadvantageous to a particular country. But, recent evidence suggests that there are to a greater extent cases of the latter than the former. The culmination of this discontent among the masses of lesser developed regions of the world seems to fuel the fire of trans-national terrorism. This essay tries to find how far true the criticisms direct ed at the phenomenon of neo-liberal globalization are, and how much it is culpable for the propagation of terrorism. The primary criticism leveled against globalization is its lack of accountability toward the local and broader communities in which it functions. While financial analysts can accurately evaluate the values of tangible assets, more often than non the measure of intangible consequences of a business corporations operations are not accounted. For example, let us take a company that out-sources manufacturing of cosmetics to a developing country.

Hospital Robot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hospital Robot - Essay ExampleRobots refer to mechanical agents controlled by computer programs and use in completing tasks. They vary in sizes and used for specific purposes. Used with artificial intelligence the machines can perfume precise functions repeatedly without tiring. In healthcare, several hospitals and health facilities in the United States have begun victimization robots to aid complicated surgeries (Barker 33). The machines run on specific computer programs and follow instructions as fed to them through the computer. Additionally, they operate alongside humans during the trading operations thus improving the quality of services. Robots have reformd the quality of surgical operations and their continued use in the industry will definitely improve the quality of life by improving effectiveness in hospitals as discussed in the essay below.Robots are cost effectiveUnlike humans, a robot is a great(p) and an asset bought once by a health facility and can perform several functions throughout the clock. Being machines, robots have minimal requirements provided they are in good condition and accurately programmed. They, therefore, function with minimal supervision thus making the practice less labor intensive.Doctors often tire after luxuriant operations this makes the operations precarious as they begin making such mistakes as forgetting some of the equipment in the patients they operate. Additionally, they serve more for their services a disport that makes health services very costly thus unaffordable by many (Ichbiah 11).

Unit 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Unit 8 - Assignment ExampleIt thus provides a more(prenominal) thoughtful and relevant platform for designing economic policies since it take psychological thought into consideration. Effects of behavioral economics in the free market. It relaxes rational thinking assumptions and therefore allows for argument in predicting how economic decisions can be direct. According to Barberis N.K (2001) behavioral economics can be used to predict and explain electron orbit phenomena such as the anomalies in the stock market. Behavioral economics borrows from the Proverb a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. It argues that consumers get out prefer to hold what is already in their hands than what is far from them even if it costs little. They try to avert losses that may occur when they decide to look high returns. It also tends to explain the case of giffen goods whose demand increases with an increase in price. So in this case of mp3 and the digital camera consumer will be less ra tional by considering the second option even if the opportunity cost as well as other costs is the same. They will be guided by their behavior and human

Turism and Hospitality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Turism and Hospitality - Essay ExampleInformation and Communication applied science (ICT) techniques are seen to be an answer to such a dynamic business environment. Five themes driving the future of international hospitality industry include selective information technology, assets and capital management, capacity control, safety and security, and management skills (Olsen in Olson and Connolly, 1999). With the example of airline reservation systems in the 60s to the Central Reservation Systems to the current Global Distribution Systems providing holistic touristry products such as information, reservations and linkages with stakeholders, ICTs have become indispensable. Further with the society changing into information knowledge society, business organizations are turning to newer information technologies for survival and conflict (Gratzer et. al, 2003).Go (in Buhalis, 1998) identifies some of attributes of ICTs acting as drivers of tourism globalisation. These include, cost dri vers in terms of increased efficiency, low distribution cost, low communication cost, low labour cost, minimization of waste factor and facilitator of flexible pricing market drivers satisfying sophisticated demand, offering flexibility in operation, supporting specialization and differentiation, providing last minute deals and accurate information, supports race marketing strategies for frequent flyers / guests, there is quick reaction to demand fluctuation, multiple / integrated products can be offered and results in better yield management, corporate enquiry and marketing research Government and regulatory drivers such as support from Government, deregulation and liberalisation and competitive drivers as strategic tool, managing network of enterprises, value-added skill building, flexibility, knowledge acquisition and a barrier to entry. ICTs Implications for Tourism IndustryPoon (in Gratzer et. al, 2003) has described the implications for tourism industry caused by information and communication technologies (ICT). These include, change of rules in the industry change in federal agency of each player involved in the process of value-creation facilitation of new, flexible, and high quality travel and tourism services that are cost-competitive with mass, standardized, and rigidly packaged options and transformation of tourism from mass, standardized, and rigidly package nature into a more flexible, individual-oriented industry. Marcussen (in Gratzer et. al, 2003) cites the example of European online travel market to be worth 14 billion Euros by 2006. Buhalis (1998) advert a multi-dimensional strategic framework for use of information technology and illustrates the strategic implications of information technology for the tourism industry. Strategic Framework for Information Technology in Tourism(Source Buhalis, 1998, pp. 417)Buhalis (in Buhalis, 1998) illustrates role of information technology in facilitating both intra- and inter-organisational communicat ions and functions. Within a tourism organisation, information technology facilitates management functions such as strategic planning, competition analysis, financial planning and control, marketing research, marketing strategy and implementation, pricing

Social Work and the Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Work and the Law - Case Study ExampleIn other instances, abuse reports from hospital visits were ignored and the child was returned to her abusers. The Timeline article noted that three social workers were sacked after a public inquiry by Lord Laming found them guilty of negligence.Since Victorias death, there has been an upheaval in reforms to protect children, young people and vulnerable adults, especially in the aras of social work and the governing body in the UK. Under the Childrens Act of 2004 (Smith 2005), legislation in the following areas has been introduced physical and mental health, emotional well being, protection from harm and neglect, education training and recreation, contributions by children to society, and social and economic well being. The question becomes whether these generalized areas layabout become focused enough to matter. Studies indicate that the basic areas affected by the Act are the rights of children through the revised Mental Health Act nee ds of pupils through Qualification and Curriculum Authority (QCA)__related to the number of wise international family arrivals disability ken training the Education Act 2005 help for people with dementia through the International Health Study related to quality of life the need for new legislation prohibiting discrimination because of sexual orientation, and the effort to balance work and life in the community (Background 2006). This is an ambitious enterprise, but given past history, it is not in all probability that the Children Act 2004 allow for resolve all of the issues in conflict. There is presently a two-year assessment underway funded by the Nuffield Foundation which began in October 2004 and will continue to September 2006. The assessment is based on the Human Rights Act of 1998 which brought the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into UK domestic law, and the purpose is to determine anti-discriminatory measures for sale under the Equality wag which extend to children and young people (All Party Parliamentary 2005). One concern in the Climbi inquiry was allegation of racism. Victoria was African and spoke little English (Timeline 2003). At present, no police officers criticised by the inquiry have lost their jobs, and one of the social workers involved has been allowed to resume works with children (Climbi Inquiry 2005). With anti-discrimination a key concern in the UK and Blacks, ethnic minorities and the disabled the focus of many reforms underway, the social aims of the UK government are commendable, but one wonders if they can actually change public perception in a way that creates a safe environment for children. The policies contained in the law have weaknesses. The Equality Bill allows for enforcement against anti-discriminatory actions, but, according to the Child Impact Statement, its powers in relation to the Human Rights Act 1998 are primarily promotional. Clause 9(2)(a) of the Equality Bill defines human rights as ECHR right s specifically, though subsection (b) enables the new Commission on Equality and Human Rights to exercise its functions in respect of other human rights. This could include the UN Convention on the Rights of the

Your pick of this week's news Week8 (responses) Assignment

Your pick of this weeks news Week8 (responses) - Assignment ExamplePeople need to appreciate the significance of sleep to human body.Buckley and Bradsher postulate that the Chinese political sympathies denied any involvement of the Chinese people in the mystery of the missing Malaysian airliner. From the arguments, I think it is clear that the Chinese government is attempting to narrow or even rule out the chances of possible suspects that were responsible for the disappearance of the airline, which involves a particular look at a Chinese citizen from the Uighur tribe.In her article, Perlez explains the significance Michele Obamas tour to China. Michelle Obama toured China accompanied by her daughters and mother. Her hostess was the Chinese first of all ladypeng Liyuan. I think the reason for the tour was to depict how the linked States is sometimes perceived in China, which seems to have a fragile association with America. U.S first lady visited Chinese schools where Americans s tudent learned. From the article, it is easy to locate how the work of first lady in China has evolved over the

DNA Sequence Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DNA Sequence Analysis - Coursework ExampleOpen instruction frames (ORFs) shall be selected from he solution of suggested on the web based platform. Before then the linear DNA sequence is checked and the first graph shows us the location of restriction enzymes and their point of action. What follows is the choice of primers that would match the segment of DNA sequence chosen for this case wasEL784663 from our observation the following primers would be the most divert-At a temperature of between 50-65oC, the pUC18 plasmid vector is digested by any of the restriction enzymes found at the multiple cloning sites (MCS) to make a ace bang in the plasmid. This shall make the otherwise circular dsDNA module to become linear which will enhance its ability to coalesce with the DNA sequence that has been cut with the same restriction enzymes.The ORFs are then cloned in the amplified into the pUC18 to ensure that the DNA is transformed into chemically competent E. coli. During cloning EcoRI ( 5... GAATTC ...3) site was preferred because it matches both the MCS restriction enzymes and the restriction enzymes of the linear graph of the DNA sequence chosen. However it is not in the sequence it is just immaterial the chosen sequence. This means that the selected primers require additional bases so that the EcoRI cuts the two sites at the same time during the Polymerase Chain Reaction.The protein has several biological functions and of importance is for example in biological folding, regulation of transcription, DNA binding, heat shock protein binding. The protein is usually in existence during the transcription stage of DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction.In protein folding cognitive operation its where functional shapes of proteins are shaped from the constituent polypeptides. It involves the use of both covalent and non covalent bonds are made to coalesce in the required shape. This protein is in the DNA and is usually instrumental in this kind of process (Kiele czawa,

Written Assignment Questions about Orgamisation Management Essay

Written Assignment Questions about Orgamisation Management - Essay ExampleHe implies that there should not only be one beneficiary of an organization saying that both the employer and the employee must gain a certain level of benefits that would be commensurate to the effort that both employee and employer has raise in. His main objective was to increase productivity of the workers. He noticed that workers had their own way of doing their work even without any specific instructions on how it should be done. This discovery led to the conclusion that if the employees are left to their devises it made them lose efficiency and that they were not maximizing their abilities. He then introduced a solution of having supervisors to get wind and help the workers do their work the business way.He further analyzed the actions and responsibilities that are essential in any job within the organization and positive processes for the jobs could be done in the most efficient ways possible. With t he improved processes, the job requirements were coupled with the training of the workers and the support of the supervisors. They come in the type of right direction, assistance and incentives.With this, he included four principles guiding actions. First of the four principles is develop for every job a science that includes rules of motion, standardized work implements and right-hand(a) working conditions. The second principle is to select worker with the right abilities for the job. The third is to carefully train workers to do the job and give them the proper incentives in succor with the job science. And the last principle is to support workers by carefully planning their work and by smoothing the way as they go about their jobs (Schermerhorn, 2007).The introductory principle says that any job should have guidelines of how to do implement the job. An example of this is in a fast food establishment, each of their burgers have a dissimilar way of cooking but a method was intr oduced to

Reseach Paper proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reseach Paper proposal - Essay ExampleMachine helps machine to figure and work machine unfathomably speedier, lessening the treatment speed, value and time. This development innovation changes all human lives.I have quite a while encounter in Plastic infusion forge making and Machining part industry. For me as experience engineer, CNC is an enchantment. It made unthinkable dreams to true plausibility. CNC it helps me to transform and cut the metal speedier, precise and lively than some time recently. reclaimable of expounding on this theme is helping me to get progress data about CNC innovation. Whats more the gigantic sources from Cal State University Library are opening an shift eye and world for me to get more learning and data about the business that I included as my first occupation.Clearly, this Human made applied science has some Advantage and Disadvantages. Points of interest of this machine are, for example, quick correspondence, less demanding arranging framework, spari ng vitality and time, information stockpiling information regardless of size and legion(predicate) different things. Impediments of the Computer are, for example, unemployment, information security and wellbeing.In General profit or harm of this creation is upon to their client is utilizing it. It can spare some someone time, expense and life, or it may case someone misfortune or harm. Anyway dependably workstation engineering improved human life and lead muckle to a propelled level of

Business model for taskrabbit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business model for taskrabbit - Essay Examplede lawn mowers, carpet cleaners, baby sitters, nannies, windowpane cleaners, and people to encourage unpack, fetch groceries, and pick you from the airport among many others. TaskRabbit is a perfect example of an e-commerce line of products. Its function in the society, as insisted by its founder is to help save time for people, get errands done and create cheap labor (Leber, 2013).A business model refers to activities planned and designed by a business in order to maximize on their profits. It take ons how the business functions and its components, the revenues and the expenses (Currie, 2004). An ecommerce business model allows business people to utilize the unique and special qualities of the web. Some of these special qualities include real time, time sharing, traffic and value flows, universal access, the ease of use of the web and searching capabilities. These unique qualities argon what drive many people to hire the use of the in ternet and the web in their business. Castellano, (2013) confirms that there be many different business models, and each business selects the one that best befits. The e-commerce business models are categorized into B2B, B2C or C2C. Each of these three business models has its own unique characteristics, and this is the reason why one model might work for one corporation and not for the other. For the TaskRabbit Company, it employs B2C model. B2C means that the business models here are node oriented, and they deal with the customer either directly or indirectly. Their products and services are made having customer satisfaction in mind. B2B means that its a business and another business who are involved in the transactions. C2C simply means that its two customers who are the main agents in the transactions (Currie, 2004).The TaskRabbit Company, in the B2C business model operates as transaction and market provider level. This is because it handles and takes care of customers online transactions by creating and helping stick people in job

Emergence of modern man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergence of modern humanity - Essay ExampleThe purpose of this short paper is to explore the influences of evolution and natural extract on modern man and to analyse whether these are continuing to have an effect on our species.The reason that many scientists argue that evolution and natural woof does not continue to exert an effect on modern man is because there are so many protections from nature. Food availability is one of the near important things for a species survival (Bootle, 2011), but many humans living in the West do not have to worry about food availability because much of it is available very cheaply and nutrition is found all year round. Many food items can now also be preserved to last through the winter, and these developments have come from a high level of intelligence. This, however, may be one of the problems. Some argue that the effects of obesity on our population may be having an effect similar to that of natural selection in the wild (Bootle, 2011), and c ould be used as read against our embodied intelligence.Disease is also another one of the biggest parts of natural selection in the wild (McKie, 2002). However, modern man has developed a number of shipway to prevent disease. Even in prehistory, there is evidence that there may have been some attempt at preventative and curative medicine (Regal, 2004), which suggests that mans high intelligence has a function of preventing parts of natural selection. In modern times, several diseases which would have killed people prior to reproduction (and and so have bred the trait out), such as asthma and diabetes, are present in the population because they can be treated (Regal, 2004). This could also be evidence that natural selection is not as powerful for man as for other species.Perhaps one of the most interesting elements of the human species is that it occupies a enormous amount of space on the

A bill of rights is essential to protect citizens from their Essay

A tear of rights is essential to protect citizens from their government. Discuss - Essay Example recent developments in the Philippines have put this Southeast Asian country in the news and have garnered the attention of the international community once more. This involves the spate of killings of activists and journalists by unknown elements alleged to be connected with the military. (Amnesty International, 2005, p. 202) According to the non-government organization KARAPATAN (Alliance for the Advancement of Human Rights) (2006), there have been 607 documented killings from January 2001 to May 30, 2006. Amnesty International, the European northward and the Catholic Church have each spoken out against the government to condemn these acts of politically-motivated state-sponsored executions.This paper will examine whether or not a bill of rights, standing alone, is enough to protect the people from the excesses of government and it will use the current Philippine problem of extra-judi cial killings as background. It will argue that the defense of reign -- and, as a corollary to that, internal security -- is not enough to justify the use of state-sponsored repression.The phenomenon of state-sponsored oppression is by no means unique to the Philippines. It has in concomitant been extensively researched and discussed all over the world. Says Mitchell and McCormick (1988, p. 476)Governments organize police forces and armies to protect their citizens, build schools and hospitals to educate and care for them, and provide financial assistance for the old and unemployed. But governments similarly kill, torture and imprison their citizens. This dark side of government knows no geographic, economic, ideological or political boundary.Such killings and torture demonstrate grave violations of political rights and liberties. It has been opined that political rights and liberties are of paramount importance because of their impact on other rights, such as social and economic rights (Bollen, 1986, p. 567). The universal condemnation of

Drilling for Oil in Alaska Essay Example for Free

Drilling for Oil in Alaska EssayCurrently, there argon more than 70 million drivers who drive more than 113 million fomites each day. Compared to 30 years ago, drivers deport amplification their driving by about 44 percent in terms of the miles they have driven. It is likewise suggested that since 1970, traveling vehicles per year have increased about 145 percent. These information is according to the American Petroleum Institute with increased driving miles and vehicles traveling on the road comes the corresponding increase in the need for fuel (Beyond, int).Though fuel can be considered the most true source of energy, it is unfortunate that it is not the most environmental friendly source. Any individual who choked walking behind a car overdue to ingest fumes knows for a fact that it is not beneficial for the environment as an energy source. Right after cars leave noxious black smoke, the need to have some effective means of fuel refinement becomes a pressing concern. The gas industry did not take long to develop technology for spic-and-span fuels.Modern fuels including unleaded fuels in the market nowadays are said to be less of pollutants and less hazardous compared to fuels of the past decades. According to the U. S. Environmental protective covering Agency, there was a dramatic 41% decline in vehicle emissions since 1970. While there was such a decline, this does not mean that the associated environmental problems on fuels are solved (Beyond , int). The major issue is in the process of getting crude inunct from the basis. Transport accidents, oil spills and pipe leaks legato remain common.The American Petroleum Institute asserts that there are many steps which are initiated to ensure that natural gas and oil can have minimal pretend in the environment upon production. Moreover, the institute also asserts that with the use of diect technology in drilling, they are in allowed to access gas resources and oil that lie beneath the sensitive su bject fields of the earth (Chance 105). So far, despite the very impressive advancements in drilling technology, human intrusions and oil rigs still continue to modify the environment and cause habitat devastation.The Alaska wild Leagues legislative director, Brian Moore knows the harm produced by drilling. According to him, the Prudhoe Bay cd toxic spills annually, and those spills do not only affect the drilling come out but also nearby lands. The devastating effects are clear and real, and these are not made up by environmentalists. It is very difficult to pass on the otters, seabirds and seals covered in oil, which slowly died during the spill of 10 million gallons of crude oil in 1989 from Exxon Valdez. It is very natural for environmentalists to campaign and strategize plans against the drilling in a wildlife dense area.The possibility of drilling the lands of Alaskas synthetic rubber National Wildlife Refuge, which is a well-renowned area for pristine habitat and unique w ildlife is shocking and alarming news to all environmentalists and nature lovers (Exxon Valdez disaster15 years of lies). Viewing the issue from a different angle, the oil drilled in Alaska can reduce the oil imports of the coupled States of America by 15%, since at present, the oil imports of the country is over 25% from the Middle East. The effect of oil from Alaska in stand bying in the concern of oil prices is very essential.However, it can be quite pointless, given that all Americans can reduce their consumption of oil by simply eradicating commercial vehicle SUVs granted exemptions from the standards of fuel efficiency, developing hybrid technologies and drastically raising the requirements in fuel efficiency (Beyond, int). If the refuge of Alaska is made open for drilling, then the Rocky Mountains and the bank of California will come in next, and if oil drilling will be open everywhere without any limits, the available oil will increase by magnitude, which can probably en sure the energy source of the US for decades.Not only of the US but of the world. The availability of oil will help the industrialization of many nations however, in the same measure, the risks to the environment will also substantially increase (Berger 40). The officials of the Bush administration claim that the drilling in the areas of the Arctic will pave the way to enhancing U. S security by diminishing imported oil dependence. They are also promoting this controversial undertaking by insist that drilling will help reduce the shortages on energy of the country. On the other hand, only a meager portion of electricity comes from oil.It was explained by the American Petroleum Institute that crude oil prices are established in the world markets retorting to supply and demand. The fresh discoveries will be critically significant to supply. each(prenominal) oil barrel domestically produced is one less barrel that should be bought from foreign sources. In the long term, added U. S. s upplies will help reduce the prices of crude oil given that the demand for crude oil from sources which are not from the US is muck lower compared to what it will be without additional domestic production (Berger 85).To ease the emergency of frequent blackouts in California and the increasing prices of gasoline, President Bush is promoting the increase in supply of energy instead of decreasing its demand. It may be too late to put a stop to the rising prices of gas, especially for traveling seasons like summer. The president is supporting the plan of utilizing the oil supply of Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (LaDuke 30). As expected, this proposition of the president has clashed with activists of the environment and with some residents of the targeted area.They are arguing that ANWRs available supply of oil is deficient to validate the potential damage to the environment. It is very hard believe that oil drilling in Alaska will guarantee benefits to the citizens of the US , since any kind of oil in existence will take almost a decade to enter the oil market and the estimates on the oil amount in the area are but tentative. Moreover, prices of oil will not change from drilling oil in Alaska given that the oil amount is minimal in the refuge.Harmful contaminant and oil spills are foreseeable effects of this proposal of drilling from the area (Stage, int), and much more if it goes together with industrialization. In Alaska, there is an estimate of 300 to 400 oil spills annually, which is approximately greater than one oil spill a day (Oil spills in, int). Americas largest oil spill was the oil spill of Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska last 1989 on bunt 24. More or less, 10. 9 million gallons have spilled to over 1,100 miles of coastline in Alaska. It all began when an oil tanker hit a reef in the Sound (Heinrichs).The death toll of wildlife was passing upsetting. Over 2,800 sea otters, 250,000 seabirds, 300 harbor seals, nearly two dozen whales and 250 bald eagles (Dont, int) perished due to the event. Oil is still present in the area and it is now toxic (Exxon, int) even though Exxon insists that everything is been cleaned and paid for. A more recent event happened on December 7, 2004, where a freighter of Malaysia ran aground. It was carrying 21,000 of diesel fuel and 483,000 gallons of heavy bulk fuel (Oil spill devastates, int).The oil spill was so alarming and devastating, since oil is extremely difficult to clean up and threatens the refuge of nearby (Oil spill devastates, int). As the drilling increases, the occurrence of oil spills tends to follow in the same pace, such tailor is sure to exist with more oil drilling in ANWR even as responsible large companies have promised to respond quickly. The risk of devastating wildlife is perpetually there (Montgomery 38). How can people justify permission of oil companies to drill in an area rich with endangered wildlife?Why do oil companies still continue to drill even with the massive oil spills and its dangers? Is this natural action very worthwhile for the country? Sadly, these questions remain unanswered however, it does not mean that these should not be asked incessantly. While importing foreign oil is a dire need, the solution is not in the destruction of pristine areas for oil supply. What should be done is for the disposal to invest dollars from taxes in renewable and clean energy (Stage, int). Together with this proposal for the government, Americans should act to help save what remains of our wildlife.ANWR is something that the United States of America can truly be proud of primarily because of its wildlife. It is unlike anything else. Its beauty is incomparable and unmatched. The prospect of drilling the land for oil should not be presented to oil companies. Such activity should be be discouraged as much as possible, there are many other ways to find alternative energy sources. Everyone essential help to protect and preserve on e of Alaskas grandeurs or else, it will just be a picture of a beautiful landscape go forth in everyones memory. Works Cited Berger, Thomas R.Village Journey The Report of the Alaska Native Review Commission, Hill Wang, forward-looking York. 1995. p. 40 Beyond the Brooks pose What is at Stake in Alaska Concerns More Than Just Caribou. Ecoworld. com. 28 December 2004. http//www. ecoworld. com/home/articles2. cfm? tid=360. 25 establish 2008. Chance, Norman A. The Inupiat and Arctic Alaska An Ethnography of Development. Holt, Rinehart Winston Press, New York. 1990. p. 105 Dont Allow Big oil to drill in the Arctic National wild life Refuge. Defenders of Wildlife. 17 March 2005. http//www. defenders. org/wildlife/arctic/print/overview.heml. 25 March 2008. Exxon Valdez disaster15 years of lies. Greenpeace. 19 March 2005. http//www. greenpeaceusa. org/features/details? item_id=681778. 25 March 2008. LaDuke, Winona. Alaska Oil and the Natives. Earth Island Journal. San Francisco 2003. Vol. 18, Iss. 3, p. 30. Montgomery, David. ANWR 1002 area and development One question, many issues. Oil Gas Journal. Tulsa 2003. Vol. 101, Iss. 15 pg. 38, 5 pgs Stage is set to drill in Arctic Refuge. Greenpeace. 19 March 2005. http//www. greenpeaceusa. org/features/details? item_id=796496. 25 March 2008.

College vs. High School Essay Example for Free

College vs. High School EssayMany students, especially those who do non have a family member who has been to college, think college is pretty much like high school, only bigger. But there ar some very big differences. Many students who did not do well in high school blossom in college. Much of how college ordain differ depends on you. To be prepared, it helps you to know what differences lay ahead. though academic requirements and student life vary depending on the college you attend, there are basic differences that apply in almost every case. One key gradation to a successful transition from high school to college is to anticipate and be prepared for the differences between the two settings. This is especially true for students with disabilities. In addition to relations with the same transition issues that all students face, they also have the added challenge of changes in how support services are requested and arranged. In college, students must play a more active role a nd assume more responsibility. Because you entrust probably be over 18 years old in college, you willing be treated like an adult. This is because you will be an adult.As an adult, you will have to tie sure you do what youre supposed to do, you will be creditworthy for the way you live, and you will have to meet greater expectations from others. Generally, there are fewer rules and regulations imposed by others in college. You will be expected to make and stick to your own schedule, as well as keep up on all your work. Professors expect you to be in class to learn. And whether or not you learn is your responsibility. Many students, after a brief period of adjustment, will settle into a balanced lifestyle of work and play.Those who dont ordinarily do not make it through their first year. In college, you will take on more responsibility for your decision, actions, and lifestyle. This is part of being on your own. Professors and administrators will probably not give you a hard cad ence about your clothes, your hair, or your general behavior. But do be prepared to be held responsible for your behavior. There is no one to blame for not waking up on time, not eating properly, or not washing your clothes. People will expect more of you and expect you to develop in your own unique way in college.In high school, you are often expected to act or perform to a minimum standard. or so people will expect you to go beyond minimal performance in college, so you skunk grow and develop as a person. You will also begin to realize what a great effect you can have both optimistic and negative on yourself, on others, and on the world around you. This can be both exciting and frightening. In college, you will be free to explore numerous paths and interests that were simply not open to you in high school. There are more foreign languages, arts, and sciences offered in college.Subjects like philosophy and religion are also taught at college but probably not in high school. Some subjects are taught differently in college. In high school, for instance, history whitethorn have been mainly names, dates, and places. You had to memorize facts and figures. In college, those facts are not nearly as important as why certain events and actions happened. In college English, less time may be spent on grammar and spelling (it is assumed you have mastered these) and more on writing creatively and criticizing literature.Many classes will be organized differently from the traditional high school lecture class. Some will be big lecture classes followed by small discussion groups. Some professors will have you read books, write papers, and discuss both in class. You may even have the chance to read independently with a professor or design your own research projects. Grading will be different, too. In some classes, you will have nothing but essay tests. In other, your entire grade will be determined by a single large paper or project.You may even have classes in which a group project is the primary grade. High school is a place you go to seven or eight hours a day, less than half(a) the days of the year. Many colleges are set up to be your home you will eat and sleep there, spend time off there, make in the buff friends there, even do your laundry there. Therefore, chances are good that college will have an even greater effect on you than high school did. In fact, it will be a time in your life like no other.

William Cowper Essay Example for Free

William Cowper EssayI am writing to tell you all about my misfortunes I had last month upon my wedding day. My wife decided that by and by 10years of marriage that it was time to go on holiday for the first time. As you know, she is very conscious about money and extremely proud, so she brought a equipage for herself, our 3children, her sister and her child, and so I had to ride upon dollarback behind them but no-one was able to know. So once the morning arrived, I kissed her goodbye and we set rancid. The vaulting horse cavalry was misbehaving I could not control him at all, all the time he was bucking, trotting and galloping when it wasnt necessary and especially on stony roads, so I fell off about twice. Then Betty came running back to me and said that we had left the alcohol behind and so I tied it to my belt, one on each lieu so I was balanced and so I could try to not fall off of the horse. Once on my way for the second time, I in the end got to some smoother road which became easier for the horse to ride upon.But instead of the easiness I believed this road would be it was the complete opposite, the horse got faster, he began trotting. I tried to get him to slow down but he wouldnt and the trot soon turned into a gallop, even though I pulled the reins and demanded him to stop. It was terrifying, I was dimension onto the reins for dear life. He continued to do this for miles, even through the towns. The towns people even believed I was racing and so cheered me on. I was confused and it scared the horse so it again galloped off leaving me holding on for dear life.I finally reached where I was meant to be and where my wife and the rest of my family were waiting for me. We went yesteryear them and they shouted after me to stop as they were all hungry and wanted to rest but the horse kept going and wouldnt stop. We kept going until we reached the horses owners horse, and finally the horse stopped I got off the horse and spoke to its owner. He o ffered me dinner at his home, but I declined his request as it felt blockheaded to be having dinner in a different town to my wife, especially on our wedding evening.We were about to set off again, when suddenly a donkey made a noise and the horse set off yet again. We went racing on again, and once more we passed straight through the town I was meant to be staying. This time my wife saw me going past and told a messenger boy that if he caught up with me and brought me back safely then she would ground him half-a-crown. So the boy set off after me and tried to stop my horse three times by pulling at the reins. Unfortunately that didnt work, and the horse got more scared and so galloped faster and faster.We then went past some other people who thought I was a highwayman as I was riding away and the boy was chasing after me. They kept shouting at me stop thief and as I didnt they all joined in, in the chase. When we arrived at the town I was meant to being staying at they thought I was still racing and so cheered me on even more, as they thought I had won. Was thence a very bizarre way to spend my wedding day, and although I regret being away from my wife on that day I do not regret anything that happened that day

Imf And The Economic Growth In Cambodia Economics Essay

Imf And The Economic Growth In Cambodia Economics EssayIMF and the struggle affix economic growth in Cambodia. Since emerging from the very darkest limit in its history (POL POT regime) almost for four years, Cambodia has traversed a long way. From be downhearted ground zero, the country bounced back to rebuild the devastated miserliness and institutions. After the write of Paris peace accord in 1991, Cambodia eventually had a formal election in 1993 and Cambodia has took a very important step to change its economy from plan economy to the free market. It was time that Cambodia opened its door to the overseas investors, and enterprises and companies atomic number 18 private own. Regarding the enthronisation funds law which enacted in 1994, Cambodia attracted many extraneous investment companies that created many jobs for Cambodian people. From 1993 up until now, the of import export of Cambodia is crops follow by agricultural products. Tourism is also said to be the second l argest export industry. tear down though Cambodia is a foreign aid dependency country with nearly one third of its national budget coming from ODA (Official Development Assistance), growth in Cambodian economy has run at over 6% per annum, on average, since the early 1990s. According to the IMF, the income per capita in 2008 was $823. Recently, Cambodia has found the gas and oil reserve which estimated to be beneficial for Cambodian economy. Oil production is expected to begin in 2011.The start of oil production in 2011 give give Cambodia an additional rootage of export revenue to reduce its large current account deficit and provide the funding to boost spending on the inadequate infrastructure and health and education systems. In 1999, Cambodia has victorfully affiliated to ASEAN. This accession helps Cambodia to corporate with the countries in the region in order to tidy its economy by joining in AFTA, CLV development triangle, GMS, CLMVetc. As one of the CLMV countries, Ca mbodia can enjoy positive regional effect in East Asia through with(predicate) two contagion mechanisms. First, transfer of development experience from Japan and second is the flow of investment from Japan. In addition to the particle of ASEAN, Cambodia finally joined WTO in 2004. WTO membership will enable Cambodia to receive non-discriminatory MFN status in worldwide parcel let out, and WTO concurrence is expected to bring substantial trade and FDI benefit to Cambodia. Even though there is a good sign on economic growth, Cambodia economy is still in struggle since Cambodia lack of human resources and as well as infrastructure to improve the economy. Despite the recentheady growth rate, scantiness remains widespread and about one third of population are living under the poverty line. Corruption has become a grass root in Cambodian culture that contri moreoveres to the unfair contribution of growth mingled with the rich and the poor. The gap between the rich and poor is still high. According to the IMF report, the growth rate has fallen back by 2.7% in 2009 in response to the economic downturn. Both the garment and tourist industries were undermined by the global recession. In the starting signal 5 months of 2009 for instance, clothing exports to the US, which is Cambodias dominant export market, dropped 27% from the same period of 2008. According to the Labor Ministry, rough 93 garment and shoe factories closed in the first 11 months of 2009, resulting in the loss of 38,190 jobs and a further 60 factories employing 35,337 people were forced to temporarily suspend operations, The reflexion sphere of influence meanwhile was weakened by the bursting of a property bubble that undermined the banking system by boosting non performing loans. The IMF has expressed concerns over the deadening in the health of the banking sector and has urged the central bank to strengthen its supervision of the monetary system. Regarding Foreign Direct investment, Data fr om the UNCTAD indicate that FDI in 2008 was $815 mn. This was below the $867 mn level in 2007 and represented 37.9% of gross fixed capital formation. The total stock of FDI (book value) at the end of 2008 was $4.637 bn, which was equal to 41.5% of GDP and was 193.5% above the level of 2000. In summary, owing to the latest IMF consultation, In a press release on December 8 that outlined the highlights of the just released Article IV Consultation Report, the IMF famous that by and by a decade of high economic growth, the economy was undermined by the global economic downturn, which led to a reduction in garment exports, foreign direct investment inflows and tourist receipts. The economy was also restrained by the collapse of the property bubble, which slowed the construction sector and had negative implications for the banking sector. The economy contracted by an estimated 2.7% in 2009. The weak economy prompted a major fall in imports that narrowed the current account deficit, and stymied inflation. Growth was expected to resume in 2010 with an increase of 4.3% in response to a rebound in the global economy which will spur garment exports.IMF is one of the institutions in the Breton Wood system. As we pee-pee already known that the IMF doesnt make project loans and, in particular, it doesnt make loan to finance population on family planning programs. The IMF loans are intended to help the borrower countries stimulate their economic situation and cover chronic deficit in their balance of payment. Generally, a countrys central bank is the borrower and recipient of the IMF funds. In the case of Cambodia, Cambodia has been one of the main recipients of the IMF technological assistances (TA) over the past decades. TA in Cambodia was delivered under the umbrella of the Technical Cooperation Assistance Program (TCAP). The content of the Cambodian TCAP was designed jointly by the authorities, another(prenominal) donors, and the IMF provided a comprehensive progra m of TA, covering key areas of reform related to economic policy, including fiscal and banking sectors, statistic and reasoned reform. Over a decade after signing of the Paris Peace Accord in 1991, Cambodia was still facing many major economic challenges. Tax revenues were very low, the banking system was fragile and a fundamental civil and administrative reform was necessary to improve good governance. In the fiscal area, TA aimed at (i) strengthening tax policy and judicatory including human resources and improving the design of the tax system(ii) Strengthening customs administration in order to maximize the return from pre-shipment inspection, enhance enforcement capabilities, modernize and contour procedures and (iii) strengthening budget management to improve the quality of budget formulation and execution, along with the design and implementation of effective internal and external audits. These objectives were pursued for the most part by three long term resident experts i n budget management, customs administration, and tax administration and these three experts accounted for over half of total TA delivered under TCAP. In addition, the overall objective of TA in banking sector reform was to help create a robust and efficient banking system through bank relicensing, strengthening regulations, and improving bank supervision. TA in economic statistics was meant to strengthen the force to produce statistics for economic policy making and private investment planning by improving national accounts, price and foreign trade data, and balance of payments, disposal finance and money and banking statistic. The objective of TA in the legal area was to improve the pecuniary sector legal framework. Three years after the start of the TCAP, the impact of TA in these different areas varies considerably. The banking sector reform has been largely deemed a success. The relicensing program implemented by the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) revamped the banking system by reducing the number of banks from 31 to 17, helping to desex the banking sector soundness. In response, public confidence in the banking system appears to be gradually improving, reflected in a 22 per cent increase in the deposit strand during 2002 and further gains in 2003.6 Furthermore, loan spreads narrowed in 2003 as competition in the market appears to be increasing. Besides TCAP, every year the IMF always exact the annual article IV discussion with Cambodia. The discussion mainly covers the area of Macroeconomic and financial policies. According to the recent press release, as in lofty 30 to September 10, 2010, an IMF mission from Washington, D.C visited Cambodia. The IMF mission has projected that real GDP growth will reach 4.5% to 5% in 2010, a significant turnaround time from 2009. However, significant risks continue to cloud growth prospects. The fragility of the global recovery exposes Cambodias narrow export base with its reliance on the U.S and European markets .In the result of global financial crisis, many challenges encounter been arising for the International Monetary Fund as well as Cambodian government to deal with. However, what the IMF have make for Cambodia are not anything new, for it has been working in Cambodia for quite a long time. Anyway, we can classify what the IMF has for and achieved in Cambodia into three main categories surveillance, IMF-supported programs, and technical assistance/capacity building.In the surveillance area, the IMF has monitored the financial and economic policies of Cambodia and provided necessary recommendation on macroeconomic and financial policy to the Royal government of Cambodia. In doing so, the IMF has kept introduce of Cambodias economic development and regularly consulted with the government of Cambodia in finding the solution to the hassle. For instance, recently, through the surveillance activities in Cambodia, it has observe that the Cambodian banking system is being in problem as t he result of global economic downturn, and therefore, it has recommended the RGC to strengthen it banking system. This recommendation was done through a mechanism that has been used by the IMF called Article IV Consultation. In that report of that consultation, the IMFs executive director pointed out like this Immediate preliminaryities should include strict enforcement of the new asset classification regime, prompt implementation of nonindulgent action plans, development of a comprehensive bank restructuring framework, and increased supervision capacity.Regarding the technical assistance/capacity building program, the IMF assists Cambodia as well as other low-and middle income countries to manage their economies effectively by providing practical guidance and training on how to upgrade institutions, and design appropriate macroeconomic, financial, and structural policies. In connection to such(prenominal) TA and capacity buildings, the IMF has made great achievements in Cambodia . For example, the IMF hasprovided technical assistances to National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) in banking supervision, restructuring of banking system, balance of payment and monetary statistics, operation in foreign exchange and international reserve management, and information and computerization systems. Besides, the IMF has also helped the Ministry of Economy and Finance in fiscal policy management, and it has also assisted the Department of tradition and Excise in strengthening custom administration. Moreover, the IMF has also aided the Cambodians Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Commerce to prepare insolvency law. Furthermore, the Ministry of Planning and the National Institute of Statistic has also received technical assistance from the IMF in preparation of national account and governments finance statistics.Relating to IMF-supported programs or lending programs, the IMF offers credit to the members who have trouble meeting their international payments and cannot find ample financing on affordable term. The main objective of this program is to help a country restore macroeconomic stability by rebuilding their international reserves, stabilizing their currency and paying for import. Cambodia like many other low-income countries has received a lot of concessional loan from IMF to develop their economy and reduce poverty. For instance, just to back out the year 1996, in that year the IMF provided a 41 million USD to the Royal government of Cambodia under the enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) mechanism.As mentioned in previous mini-compositions, the International Monetary Fund has played very important role in global financial system. Its primary role is to help member countries maintain exchange rate stability by providing short term loan to those countries that are in balance of payment difficulty due to trade deficits or other factors. It was created at the end of World War II with an aim to support the global economic structure and financial order. To accomplish this parturiency, the IMF has actively assist Cambodia and many other member states, especially the developing ones, through surveillance, technical assistance/capacity building and supporting program. Despite many success has been made, there are still problem that can be considered as the obstacle for the IMF in Cambodia, but here I am going to wind only two main issues to discuss.The first problem that challenge IMF is the negative consequence of global economic downturn that puts Cambodia economy in a suicidal place. As we have already known Cambodia economy depends heavily on garment, construction, and tourism sector. These sectors are the most hit by the crisis as they largely deposit on foreign market and capital. For instance, according to a study conducted by the United Nations in Cambodia in 2009, about 20-30 percent of workers in garment sectors, construction sites and tourism sector have lost jobs since late 2008.This make Cambodias eco nomic growth rate to decline dramatically from double digits in the years prior to the crisis to only 0.1 percent in 2009. This reflect that the IMF, as well as other Multilateral Financial Institutions such as World Bank and Asiatic Development Bank, to work unassailableer in order to help promote the Cambodian economy in the wake of the global economic downturn. This is not an easy task for the IMF to deal with because the countries, such are theUnited States, which are the major financial contributors to this organization, are also in financial difficulty due to the impacts of the crisis.The second problem is not related to any other factors, but it is because of the procedures of the IMF itself. Before providing loan to Cambodia or any other countries who are in demand for financial assistance, the IMF first demand Cambodia and those countries to make reform such as reducing public spending, devalue their national currency and privatization . These demands, to a large extend, are consider by the Cambodian government and other assistance recipient government as new burden on their economy rather than something that can help them out of the problem. Hence, those governments do not want to rely on the IMF, they seek to obtain financial assistance from other sources. For instance, instead of follow the demand by the IMF in the sector that the Royal government of Cambodia found not important but would actually harmful the Cambodias, the government would turn to seek the assistance from china instead.Having experient almost three decades of ravaged civil wars, Cambodias economy was greatly devastated. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC), with the technical and financial assistances from international development partners has been working very hard in reconstructing the war-torn economy. Among those development partners, the International Monetary Fund has also played a very active one. As we have discussed in the previous mini-compositions, the IMF has ma de significant contribution to the development of Cambodia.Like other development partners, the IMF gets involve in the Cambodias development in three main mechanisms. First of all, the IMF has monitored the financial and economic policies of Cambodia and provided necessary recommendation on macroeconomic and financial policy to the government. Second, it assists Cambodia as well as other low income country to manage their economies effectively by providing practical guidance and training on how to upgrade institutions, and design appropriate macroeconomic, financial, and structural policies. Last but not least, the IMF offers credit to Cambodia and other members who have trouble meeting their international payments and cannot find sufficient financing on affordable term. The main objective of this program is to help a country restore macroeconomic stability by rebuilding their international reserves, stabilizing their currency and paying for import. Through these mechanisms, Cambod ia and many other developing countries have benefited greatly from the IMF.though everyone agrees that the IMF provides a lot of benefit to recipient countries, many of them do not happy with the IMF. The problem is that the assistance that the IMF offers to Cambodia as well as other low income countries always comes along with conditions. In order to be able to receive IMFs assistance, the recipient countries must agree with the IMF to accept the policies suggested by the IMF. Indeed, the policy suggested by the IMF are the ones already implemented successfully in some recipient countries. With this reason the IMF may expect that those policies must be plausible for every recipient country. However, in reality the same policy does not guarantee the same result for different country. Some policies might work well in some countries, but they might failed if applied to Cambodia or other countries else. For instance, one would expect that increase interest rate for deposit would increa se the amount of deposit in financial institutions. Of course, this is true for those countries in which the financial or banking system is popular among thepeople. However, in Cambodia this policy will never work, for the majority of Cambodian people do not deposit their money in banks, but they just keep their money at home instead. Based on this sense, some possible disagreements between the government and the IMF arise. This makes the Royal government of Cambodia and other recipient countries prefer the assistance from other development partner to the assistance from IMF. For instance, the Cambodian government values the assistance from China the most because when provides assistance to Cambodia, China does not link with any conditions.In short, in spites of considerably succeed in various aspects of development in Cambodia, IMF has been approach and continues to face many challenges. However, the presence of IMF as the global financial governance is still very important.