Pet Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management

front-runner Therapy for put out and Anxiety ManagementPain and Anxiety Management in Hospice c are long- pathetics through Pet TherapyArlena DavisPet therapy is a form of word map in hospitals, treat homes and educational creations. It involves guided dealings between a trained animal(prenominal), an individual and the animal trainer. Pet therapy offers tolerants the opportunity to improve their tone through homosexual-animal relations. The practice business is to determine the effectuality of using animals to aid humans cope meliorate with health matters. For this scheme, the focus will be to determine the posture of flatter therapy in the interference of hospice patients.Background and Signifi gitceThe focus of this explore proposal will be on Hospice wield planned care to go away medical services, spiritual and emotional support to individuals who are in the mature stages of illness. It centers on console and abundance of life rather than cure. Hunters and ga in that respectrs first used the ducky therapy and the initial report was done in late eighteenth century at the York Retreat in Britain headed by William Tuke. Domesticated favourites, devil dog creatures and farm animals are the most used. Several benefits are associated with pet therapy, turn away blood pressure and rock-bottom depression. A major problem of pet therapy is although scientists present the relationship between humans and companion animals as favorable, there is sine qua non for investigational studies to determine its effectiveness.In using pet therapy, it is important that the rights of the hatful affected as those of their animal companions be respected. The patient heap take up the pet of his choice to improve their health. The pets used are service animals and moldiness be all in al ruggeded to accompany a disabled person wherever they go. However, attention should be taken to avoid pets with a temperament as they bleed to be a nuisance. Elderly people and people suffering from inveterate illnesses are the most affected.Pet therapy has its complications and can be costly. Failure of this therapy can result in a distressful and intolerable death for a patient in a short period. Pet therapy works hospice patients and their families some forecast of a quality life. If this program fails, the family members of the patient world power suffer from depression. It might alike instill fear and uncertainty to patients chthonicgoing pet therapy. Pet therapy can be costly be generate it entails hiring a certified and easily-trained pet. In addition, hospice patients may request to be in a health facility.Review of LiteratureThe look proposal discusses the distinguishable studies conducted concerning pet therapy by various authors. It allows both speculative retrospects of data previously recorded and empirical studies in opposite places with patients of different age groups. The different film designs applied by the auth ors let in taxonomic review of the evidence, Quasi-experimental investigations, review of qualitative studies, survey questionnaires, randomized control trial run and pre-post quasi-experimental design.According to Stem (2011), pet therapy treatment enables patients in a hospice get in short time relief from pain, stress and solicitude. He however did non have an in-depth analysis due to lack of quality look data. The review was conducted on the comments 31of professionals who used brute Assisted therapy (AAT) for mental health care. Animal Assisted Therapy was beneficial (OCallaghan, 2008). The method exitd qualitative, and the interpretation could have been biased. A thingumajig sample of 58 house physicians living in a facility was examine to determine the neuters in the use of medication. A Decline in pain Medication use (Lust, Ryan-Haddad, Coover, Snell, 2007). AAT serveed in rehabilitating schizophrenic patients (Kovcs, Kis, Rzsa, Rzsa, 2004). The findings were make afterward surveying the in low-level living skills of seven schizophrenic patients at a hospice.In a different rise, pre-post quasi-experimental design was used on hospitalized patients with the aim of finding out the effects on not still their toughness but also the cost incurred. Pet therapy im turn out mood in hospitalized patients and was cost effective (Coakley Mahoney, 2009). The patients in hospice care also imply children. In this research proposal, a review of the effectiveness of pet therapy on them is also done. AAT has benefits for the children in pain. The group having AAT had a significant loss in pain level relative to the control group (Braun, Stangler, Narveson, Pettingell, 2009).Survey questionnaires also serve as an excellent source of conducting research. In one such instance used to investigate the effectiveness of pet therapy, Companion animals reduced anxiety (Peacock, Chur-Hansen, Winefield, 2012). The conclusion was made after reviewing the res ponses of a sample of 70 hospitalized patients. Persons with neurological conditions also get assistance through pet therapy to help improve their functioning. In one of the prospective studies, the researchers focused on the gain in walking distance covered and the speed of the patient as well. Walking with a dog improved patient ambulation and patients responded positively to the hear (Rita, Brienne Joseph, 2007)However, the positive findings of using pet therapy do not reflect the opinions of all the researchers. Anxiety inventory did not decrease significantly but was low after Animal Assisted Therapy (Ekeberg Braastad, 2011). Also according to Bercovitz, Sengupta, Jones, Harris-kojetin, (2011), there are no differences in demographics, health, functional status between patients discharged from hospice or those who got complementary and preference therapies CAT. They made this conclusion by reviewing the outcomes of complementary and ersatz therapies.The different research methods applied by the researchers had their shortcomings. The most common creation lack of randomness in sample selection, biased interpretations due to use of either qualitative or quantitative information, the lack of evidence of the cause and effect and a limited sample size of it. The findings of some researcher proved quite unreliable, as they did not do follow-ups on their subjects. It is crucial to acknowledge how Animal Assisted Therapy works and which animals are best suited for this treatment. look ProblemIntroducing a pet into the life of a patient has been proven to distract the patient from pain, anxiety and reduces hypertension. Furthermore, it helps patients regain control of their social and discourse skills (unity point, n.d.). The caregivers use this option to provide palliative care care aimed at reducing pain, suffering and dis easiness in revise to provide them with a better chance at living (1800hospice, n.d.).Control of pain and anxiety is the main aim of hospice care. The option is considered when one is no longer belligerent in treating illness and is ready to accept death. A caregivers responsibility is to offer the best therapy possible. The patients find it easier to interact with the animals than with family members (Hospice of northeast commutation Ohio, 2014).Study PurposeStudies have indicated that the presence of a pet in the facility help relieve patients pain and gives the staff morale to abide providing care to the patients. The act of petting has an automatic and subconscious relaxing and calm effect (Methodist health, 2014). Furthermore, the use of pets can help bridge the communication opening night between the patient, the doctor and family (Matuszek, 2010).Theoretical Framework and Conceptual DefinitionsThe theory of comfort asserts that comfort exists in three main forms relief, ease and transc terminationence. When the comfort demand of the patient are met, he experiences comfort in the form of getting relief (March McCormack,2009). Ease facilitates the comfort of a patient through gladness by arraying any fears and anxiety from the patient. Transcendence facilitates the patient achieve a level of comfort by rising above any challenges during or after treatment.The theory posits that patient comfort occurs in four contexts physical, psycho-spiritual, socio-cultural and environmental (Kolcaba DiMarco, 2005). It emphasizes that patients are individuals, families, institutions and even communities that need healthcare services. The environment encompasses any aspects of the patient, family or institution that nurses may manipulate in order to provide comfort to patients.RationaleThe theory is a good fit for the scan since it informs the need for nurses and patients relatives to pursue available methodologies to mitigate pain and patient discomforts. The theory fosters courage and spirit of enthusiasm and positivity and reminds nurses not to give up (Lasiuk Ferguson, 2005). The i ndependent variable is pet therapy to reduce pain age the dependent variable is end of life patient management.The independent and dependent variables are linked to the concepts since the choice of appropriate therapies is ideal to effective patient management especially in the end of life processes. In order to attain desirable relief for the patient, the nursing personnel formulates proper nursing care plans and continuously measure outs comfort levels of the patient to determine the need for change (Melnyk Overholt, 2010). The nurse may use objective or subjective measures to evaluate the levels of comfort for the patient. Objective assessments involve, making observations of the patient and the healing process. Subjective measures include seeking the patients comments.HypothesisHospice care patients and their families will chose pet therapy as a feasible treatment option when end of life conversations are being debated at the time of diagnosis.Design and RationaleThe research design will be in the form of a cross-sectional survey of pain and anxiety management in hospice care through pet therapy. It will be used to determine the victor of this treatment and to predict its usefulness in future. The rationale of using the cross-sectional approach is because this proposal will focus on one variable the effectiveness of pet therapy for hospice care using data collected in different institutions during the same period.Population and SampleThe appropriate population for this proposal is the patients under hospice care. The sample will be chosen randomly which will include patients in hospitals, nursing homes and those in hospice care institution. Since the number of patients is large, the sample size for this study will be 60 patients involving people of different ages and suffering from different illnesses.Human Subjects ProtectionIn conducting this study, the ethical practice of human subject protection will be adhered to. The research will be based on ob jectivity and the data collected from the patients will whole be used for the research. The relevant authorities of such as family and institution directors will be consulted for permission.Operational DefinitionThe independent variable for this research proposal is the use of pet therapy to reduce pain and anxiety in hospice patients. Pet therapy is a program, which involves creating a relationship between a patient and animal to help improve their health condition. The dependent variable is the end of life patient management this is provided through hospice care to patients who are in the late years of their life.Measurement DiscussionIn determining the success of use of pet therapy in managing pain and anxiety among hospice patients, both qualitative and quantitative measurements will be done. The key factors to be considered will be the amount of time spent with the pet, the blood pressure of individuals before and after pet therapy. The state of depression shall also be monito red as well as the amount of intake of pain relievers.SummaryPet therapy for hospice care patients has proven very helpful remedy during the end of life stage. The animals provide companionship and sense calmness in the patients life. In depth, research should be done to determine the animals that best suit the treatment and to establish how the treatment occurs. 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